![]() ![]() ![]() Appropriate taxon sampling together with combination of methods based on similarity, phylogeny, synteny, and evolutionary knowledge that may help detecting speciation events appears to be the most accurate strategy. This article reviews the existing computational methods and their potential accuracy in the high-throughput era of genome sequencing and anticipates open questions in terms of methodology, reliability, and computation. Moreover, the lack of direct functional evidence and the questionable quality of some available genome sequences and annotations present additional difficulties to assess orthology. Yet, the dynamic remodeling of genome content through gain, loss, transfer of genes, and segmental and whole-genome duplication hinders reliable orthology detection. With the increasing number of sequenced genomes and their comparisons, the detection of orthologs is crucial for reliable functional annotation and evolutionary analyses of genes and species. Synteny based methods also form a good candidate for the detection of orthologs. On the other hand Pair-wise approaches are fast and can handle large amount of data. These should be used when we have sufficient computational power to operate. The study shows that phylogenetic methods of detecting orthologs are comparatively accurate and reliable than the pair-wise graph based methods but computationally more intensive and slow. Some other methods on the behalf of synteny and protein network comparisons are also discussed in the paper. Different computational methods, comprising of phylogenetic as well as pair-wise comparison methods are discussed and compared. In this paper we describe different methods available for the detection of orthologs. These genes retain the same biological function through the path of evolution. If right orthologs are detected, then they could predict the function of newly sequenced genes. In comparative genomics, orthologs are desired to be detected accurately. ![]()
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